What Does a Home Inspector Inspect? A Comprehensive Guide
- Dru Doerksen
- Jan 16
- 4 min read
When buying or selling a home, a home inspection is a crucial step in understanding the property's condition. But what exactly does a home inspector examine? This guide will walk you through the primary systems and components inspected, giving you a clear understanding of what to expect.
The Scope of a Home Inspection
A home inspection is a visual, non-invasive examination of a property’s accessible systems and components. The goal is to identify observable defects and provide insight into the home’s current condition. While it won’t reveal every possible issue, it helps buyers and sellers make informed decisions.
What does a Home Inspector Inspect?
Home inspectors typically follow industry standards, such as those outlined by organizations like InterNACHI (International Association of Certified Home Inspectors) or ASHI (American Society of Home Inspectors). These standards define the scope of the inspection, which includes the following areas:
1. Roof
The roof is one of the most critical components of a home inspection. Inspectors check for:
Shingles and Roof Covering: Damage, wear, or missing shingles.
Flashing and Seals: Proper installation and any signs of leaks.
Gutters and Downspouts: Condition and effectiveness in channeling water away from the home.
Chimneys and Skylights: Cracks, damage, or improper sealing.
2. Exterior
The exterior inspection evaluates the condition of the property’s outer structure and grounds:
Siding: Cracks, warping, or signs of water intrusion.
Windows and Doors: Condition, sealing, and potential drafts.
Foundation: Visible cracks, settlement, or drainage issues.
Grading and Drainage: Proper slope away from the home to prevent water pooling.
Decks, Patios, and Railings: Stability, wood rot, or other safety concerns.
An Example of poor grading along the house. See how the side walk is sloped toward the house instead of away? This would indicate water pooling along the foundation.
3. Structure
Inspectors assess the home’s structural integrity:
Foundation: Visible signs of cracks or movement.
Walls and Ceilings: Cracks, severe bulging, or uneven surfaces.
Floors: Sloping or creaking floors that could indicate structural issues.
Attic and Crawlspaces: Insulation, ventilation, and visible signs of structural problems.
4. Plumbing System
The plumbing inspection covers:
Water Supply and Drainage: Leaks, water pressure, and proper flow.
Water Heater: Age, condition, and safety mechanisms.
Fixtures: Faucets, showers, toilets, and sinks for functionality and leaks.
Piping: Visible pipes for corrosion, leaks, or improper materials.
5. Electrical System
The electrical system is a critical safety component:
Main Panel and Breakers: Proper labeling, functionality, and capacity.
Wiring: Visible wiring for damage or outdated materials like aluminum or knob-and-tube wiring.
Outlets and Switches: Functionality, grounding, and proper placement of GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) outlets in wet areas.
Lighting Fixtures: Proper installation and operation.
6. HVAC System
The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems are inspected for:
Heating System: Condition, operation, and potential safety concerns like carbon monoxide leaks.
Cooling System: Functionality and efficiency of the air conditioning unit.
Ductwork: Visible damage, blockages, or improper installation.
Thermostats: Operation and placement.
Checking the functionality and efficiency of the AC Unit is part of a standard Home Inspection.
7. Interior
Interior inspections focus on livable spaces:
Walls, Ceilings, and Floors: Cracks, stains, and other visible defects.
Doors and Windows: Functionality, sealing, and alignment.
Stairs and Railings: Safety, stability, and proper installation.
8. Insulation and Ventilation
Proper insulation and ventilation are key to energy efficiency and preventing moisture problems:
Attic Insulation: Type, thickness, and condition.
Ventilation: Proper air circulation in attics, crawlspaces, and other areas prone to moisture buildup.
What’s Not Typically Included?
Certain areas and systems are beyond the scope of a standard home inspection, such as:
Hidden Issues: Anything not visible or accessible, such as wiring inside walls, Attics with no access or obstructed, or underground pipes.
Specialized Systems: Pools, spas, solar panels, and septic systems often require specialized inspections.
Pest Infestation: While signs of damage may be noted, a pest control specialist may be needed for further evaluation.
Code Compliance: A home inspection does not guarantee compliance with local building codes.
Movement or Activation of Items: Moving furniture, shoveling snow, or turning on utilities is not within the scope of the inspection. The inspection is an "as is" account of the property’s condition at that moment in time and does not predict future conditions.
A Home Inspector would not be able to inspect a roof covered in snow as the roof is not visible.
What to Do After the Inspection?
Once the inspection is complete, you’ll receive a detailed report outlining the findings. This report will include:
Observed defects with photos or notes.
Recommendations for repairs or further evaluation.
Maintenance tips for preserving your home’s condition.
Conclusion
A home inspection is an invaluable tool for understanding the condition of a property. While it doesn’t uncover every possible issue, it provides a clear picture of the home’s overall state, helping you make informed decisions. If you’re buying or selling a home, ensure you hire a qualified and certified home inspector who adheres to professional standards.
By knowing what a home inspection entails, you can approach the process with confidence and make the most of this critical step in your homeownership journey.
Comments